Men took revenge on Stalin's daughter for her father. Stalin's daughter

Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva was the favorite of her formidable father. It would seem that a girl born into the family of a man who headed a huge country is destined for a brilliant fate. But in reality, everything turned out differently. The life of Stalin's daughter turned out to be like a continuous adventure that had nothing to do with the fate of the offspring of high-ranking political figures Soviet Union.

Birth

Svetlana was born in Leningrad on the last day of the winter of 1926. She was the second child in Joseph Stalin's marriage to Nadezhda Alliluyeva. In addition to her, the "leader of all times and peoples" and his wife had a son, Vasily. The girl also had a brother Yakov, whom his first wife Ekaterina Svanidze gave birth to to his father (he died in German captivity during the war).

Alliluyeva's life after her mother's suicide

Stalin's daughter Svetlana grew up in prosperity that others could only dream of. The biography of her childhood was overshadowed by the early death of her mother, who committed suicide when the girl was 6 years old. From Svetlana they hid the true reason for the death of her mother, telling her that she died on the operating table during an attack of acute appendicitis. But, as Alliluyeva herself later recalled, her mother simply could not stand the humiliation and insults from her high-ranking husband. After her suicide, Svetlana and Vasily actually remained orphans, because Joseph Vissarionovich was too busy with state affairs and he did not have enough time to raise his offspring.

Sveta grew up surrounded by numerous nannies and governesses. She was taken to classes by her personal driver. She studied well at school, knew English. After the start of the war, she and her brother Vasily were evacuated to Kuibyshev. The girl's life was boring. She was forbidden to walk, make friends with neighbors' children, talk with strangers. The only entertainment for Svetlana was the films that she watched on the home cinema projector.

The first love

Vasily, unlike his sister, did not want to be bored. The father was rarely at home, and the young man, taking advantage of his absence, often threw noisy parties. Among my brother's acquaintances, one could meet famous artists, singers and athletes at that time. At one of these parties, 16-year-old Svetlana met 39-year-old screenwriter and actor Alexei Kapler. Stalin's daughter fell in love with him. The biography of this woman will continue to be full of novels, but she will never forget her first adult love. The solid age difference did not bother either the girl or her chosen one. Alexey was incredibly handsome and was popular with women. By the time he met Svetlana, he managed to divorce twice. Famous Soviet actresses were his ex-wives.

Young Sveta amazed Kapler with her erudition and adult reasoning about life. He was a mature man and understood that an affair with the daughter of the "leader of the peoples" could end badly for him, but he could not do anything about his feelings. Although a personal bodyguard was always on the heels of Sveta, she managed to escape from his pursuit and wander with her lover along the quiet streets, visit the Tretyakov Gallery with him, theatrical performances, closed film screenings at the Cinematography Committee. In her memoirs, Svetlana Iosifovna wrote that there was no close relationship between them, because in the Soviet Union, sex before marriage was considered a shame.

Stalin soon became aware of his daughter's first adult feelings. The USSR General Secretary immediately disliked Kapler, and troubles began in the life of the actor. He was repeatedly summoned to Lubyanka and interrogated for many hours. Since it was impossible to judge Kapler for a love affair with Svetlana, he was accused of espionage in favor of Great Britain and was sent to the Vorkuta correctional labor colony for 10 years. For the girl herself, this romance ended with several weighty slaps in the face from a strict father.

First marriage

The further biography of Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva is associated with her studies at Moscow State University. After leaving school, she entered the Faculty of Philology, but after completing the first year, under pressure from her father, she transferred to history. The girl hated history, but was forced to submit to the will of the pope, who did not consider literature and writing to be worthy pursuits.

In her student years, Svetlana married Grigory Morozov, a school friend of her brother. The girl then turned 18 years old. Stalin was against this marriage and categorically refused to see his son-in-law. In 1945, a young couple had a child, who was named Joseph. Svetlana's first marriage lasted only 4 years and, to Stalin's great joy, fell apart. As Alliluyeva said in one of her interviews, Grigory Morozov refused to use contraception and wanted her to give birth to ten children. Svetlana was not going to become a mother-heroine. Instead, she planned to graduate. Over the years of marriage with Morozov, the young woman had 4 abortions, after which she fell ill and filed for divorce.

Father's insistence

In 1949, the daughter of Joseph Stalin, Svetlana Alliluyeva, got married again. This time her father chose her husband. It was the son of the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Andrei Zhdanov, Yuri. Before the wedding, the young people did not have a single date. They got married because Stalin wanted it so. Yuri officially adopted Svetlana's son from his first marriage. A year later, Alliluyeva gave birth to her husband's daughter Catherine, and then filed for divorce. Joseph Vissarionovich was unhappy with this trick of Svetlana, but he could not force her to live with an unloved person. The USSR General Secretary realized that his daughter would no longer obey him, and resigned himself to her rebellious character.

Life after paternal death

In March 1953, the "leader of all peoples" was gone. After Svetlana was transferred to his account, which had only 900 rubles. All personal belongings and documents of Stalin were taken from her. But the woman could not complain about the government’s inattention to herself. She had a good relationship with Nikita Khrushchev, with whom she studied together at the university. Svetlana's place of work since 1956 was the Institute of World Literature, where she studied books

Well, what did Stalin's daughter Svetlana do next? her in the 50s was replenished with another marriage. This time the Soviet scientist-Africanist Ivan Svanidze became Alliluyeva's chosen one. Their life together lasted from 1957 to 1959 and ended, as in previous cases, in divorce. The spouses did not have common children. To brighten up her loneliness, Svetlana started short-term novels. At this time, the list of her lovers was replenished by a Soviet writer and literary critic Andrey Sinyavsky and poet David Samoilov.

Escape to the West

In the 60s, with the onset of the Khrushchev "thaw", the fate of Stalin's daughter changed dramatically. Svetlana Alliluyeva meets Indian citizen Brajesh Singh in Moscow and becomes his common-law wife (she was not allowed to enter into an official marriage with a foreigner). The Indian was seriously ill and died at the end of 1966. The woman, using her connections in the government, asked the Soviet authorities to allow her to take her husband's ashes home. Having received permission from the member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU A. Kosygin, she went to India.

Being far from the Soviet Union, Svetlana realized that she did not want to return home. For three months she lived in the family village of Singh, after which she went to the American embassy located in Delhi and asked the United States for political asylum. Such an unexpected trick of Alliluyeva caused a scandal in the USSR. The Soviet government automatically included her in the list of traitors. The situation was aggravated by the fact that Svetlana had a son and a daughter at home. But the woman did not think that she had abandoned them, because, in her opinion, the children were already old enough and could well live on their own. By that time, Joseph had already managed to acquire his own family, and Catherine was in her first year of university.

Become Lana Peters

Alliluyeva did not manage to leave India straight to the States. In order not to spoil the already strained relations with the Soviet Union, American diplomats sent the woman to Switzerland. For some time Svetlana lived in Europe, and then moved to America. In the West, Stalin's daughter did not live in poverty. In 1967 she published the book "20 Letters to a Friend", in which she talked about her father and own life before leaving Moscow. Svetlana Iosifovna began to write it back in the USSR. This book became a worldwide sensation and brought the author about $ 2.5 million in income.

Living in distant America, Svetlana tried to arrange a personal life with the architect William Peters. After her marriage in 1970, she took her husband's surname and shortened her name, becoming just Lana. Soon the newly-made Mrs. Peters had a daughter, Olga. Madly in love with her American husband, Svetlana invested almost all of her money in his projects. When her savings ran out, the marriage fell apart. Later, Alliluyeva realized that his sister, who was sure that the “Soviet princess” should have many millions from her father, had advised Peters to marry her. Realizing that she had miscalculated, she did everything to get her brother divorced. After the dissolution of the marriage in 1972, Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva (photo with William Peters is presented below) retained her husband's surname and was left alone with Olga. Her main sources of income were writing and donations from charitable organizations.

Alliluyeva's return to the Union

In 1982, Svetlana moved to London. There she left Olga at a Quaker boarding school and went to travel the world. Unexpectedly for everyone, the woman returned to the USSR in 1984. She later explained the reason for this decision by the fact that Olga needed to be given a good education, and in the USSR it was provided free of charge. The Soviet authorities greeted the fugitive kindly. Her citizenship was restored, she was given housing, a car with a personal driver, and a pension. But the woman did not like living in Moscow and she moved to her father's homeland in Georgia. Here Alliluyeva were provided royal terms accommodation. Olga began attending school, taking lessons in Russian and Georgian, and practicing equestrian sports. But life in Tbilisi did not bring joy to Svetlana. She never managed to restore the damaged relationship with the children. Joseph and Catherine were offended by their mother for the fact that she left them almost 20 years ago. Stalin's daughter Svetlana could not find understanding from her relatives. Her biography contains information that in 1986 she and her youngest daughter emigrate to America again. This time there were no problems with leaving. Gorbachev personally ordered that the daughter of the "leader of the peoples" be released from the country without hindrance. Returning to the States, Alliluyeva forever renounced Soviet citizenship.

Re-emigration and the decline of life

How and where did Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva live after her second departure from the USSR? Back in the States elderly woman settled in the town of Richland (Wisconsin). She completely stopped communicating with her son Joseph and daughter Catherine. Soon Olga began to live separately from her and earn a living on her own. First, Svetlana Iosifovna rented a separate apartment, then moved to a nursing home. In the 90s she lived in an almshouse in London, then left for the USA again. Alliluyeva spent the last years of her life in a nursing home in the American city of Madison. She died of cancer on November 22, 2011. In her dying order, Alliluyeva asked to be buried under the name of Lana Peters. The place of her burial is unknown.

Children of Svetlana Iosifovna

Stalin's daughter lived in this world for 85 years. The biography of this woman will be incomplete if you do not mention how the fate of her three children developed. Alliluyeva's eldest son Joseph devoted his life to medicine. He practiced cardiology and wrote a lot scientific works for heart ailments. Joseph Grigorievich did not like to tell journalists about his mother, he was on bad terms with her. Lived for 63 years. He died of a stroke in 2008.

Svetlana Iosifovna's daughter Ekaterina works as a volcanologist. Like her older brother, she was very offended by Alliluyeva when she left for the West, leaving the children alone. She prefers not to answer journalists' questions about her mother, stating that she never knew this woman. In order to hide away from increased attention from the press and special services, Alliluyeva's daughter left for Kamchatka, where she lives to this day. Leads a closed life.

The youngest daughter Olga Peters became for Alliluyeva late child... She gave birth to her in her fifth decade. As an adult, Olga changed her name to Chris Evans. Today she lives in the USA and works as a salesperson. The woman practically does not speak Russian. Like her older brother and sister, Olga's relationship with her mother did not work out.

Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva was able to live a long and bright life. Biography with photos presented in the article allowed readers to learn a lot interesting facts about her fate. This woman was not afraid of scandals public opinion and convictions. The daughter of the "leader of the peoples" knew how to love, suffer and start life anew. She could not become a good mother for her children, but she never suffered from this. Svetlana Iosifovna did not tolerate being called the daughter of Stalin, therefore, once in the West, she forever said goodbye to her old name. But, having become Lana Peters, she remained a "Soviet princess" for the whole world.

She did not follow in her father's footsteps, preferring “life behind the scenes,” and wrote a memoir in which she exposed the party elite and showed Stalin from an unexpected angle.

Father's death

Svetlana developed a very contradictory relationship with her father, whose shadow haunted her throughout her life. But even in spite of their numerous conflicts, his death was a real blow for Alliluyeva, a turning point in life: “Those were terrible days then. The feeling that something familiar, stable and solid has moved, swayed ... ”.

Probably, today nowhere will you find so many warm words about Joseph Stalin as in the memoirs of Alliluyeva, who herself later admitted that the last days in his life she loved him the most. Iosif Vissarionovich died long and painfully, the blow did not give him an easy death. The last moment of the leader was altogether scary: “At the last minute, he suddenly opened his eyes and looked around them all who stood around. It was a terrible look, either insane, or angry and full of horror before death and in front of the unfamiliar faces of the doctors bending over him. This look went around everyone in a fraction of a minute. And then, it was incomprehensible and scary, he suddenly raised his left hand up and either pointed it up somewhere, or threatened all of us. The next moment, the soul, having made the last effort, escaped from the body. "
And then the power of Lavrenty Beria, so hated by Alliluyeva, began, whom she more than once in her “letters” would call “a scoundrel, a creeping reptile and a murderer of her family,” the only person who, according to him, rejoiced at the death of the leader: “Only one person behaved almost indecent - Beria. He was excited to the extreme, his face, already disgusting, now and then distorted from the passions that bursting with him. And his passions were - ambition, cruelty, cunning, power, power ... He tried so hard, at this crucial moment, not to outwit, not to outwit! When it was all over, he was the first to jump out into the corridor and in the silence of the hall, where everyone stood in silence around the bed, his loud voice was heard, not hiding the triumph: “Khrustalev! Car! "

"Orders"

All children have their own games, and Svetlana Alliluyeva had her own. Since childhood, the leader's daughter played "orders", the father himself invented the tradition, and it became an obligatory part of the life of his children. The bottom line was that the daughter was not supposed to ask for something, only to order: "Well, what are you asking!" - he said, "only command, and we will immediately do everything." Hence the touching letters: “Setanka hostess. You probably forgot the folder. That's why you don't write to him. How is your health? Aren't you sick? How are you spending your time? Are the dolls alive? I thought that you would soon send an order, but there is no order as there is no order. Not good. You offend the folder. Well, kiss. Waiting for your letter". Stalin always signed under the order: "daddy" or "secretary".

Mama

Svetlana cherished the image of her mother - Nadezhda Alliluyeva all her life, despite the fact that she spent very little time with her, she was only six when Stalin's second wife died. And during her lifetime, Nadezhda spent a little time with her daughter, it was not in the order of emancipated women to babysit with children.
Nevertheless, it is life with my mother at the dacha in Zubatovo Sveta that connects her best memories. She independently managed the household, found the best educators for the children. After her death, Alliluyeva recalls, the whole house was transferred to state control, from where a crowd of servants appeared, who looked at us as "an empty space."
Stalin's second wife shot herself in her room on the night of November 8-9, 1932, the reason was another quarrel with her husband, whom she, according to memoirs, loved all her life. The children, of course, were not told about this, Sveta learned a terrible secret about suicide many years later: “I was told later, when I was already an adult, that my father was shocked by what had happened. He was shocked because he did not understand: why? Why was he given such a terrible stab in the back? He said that he himself did not want to live any longer. From time to time, some kind of malice, rage found him. " Stalin perceived her death as a betrayal, besides, Nadezhda left her husband a legacy of a long denouncing letter, which later untied his hands. Repression began in the country.

Lucy Kapler

But it was not the death of my mother that played a decisive role in aggravating the conflict between "fathers and children."
Stalin's daughter had many novels, and each of them is remarkable for something. Alexey Kapler, nicknamed "Lucy", became the first love of the "general's daughter", with which she had to part very quickly - dad did not approve.
This story took place during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War... Lucy conceived a new film about pilots and came to Zubatovo to consult with Sveta's brother, Vasily. Well, then, long walks, going to the movies: “Lucy was then the smartest, kindest and most wonderful person for me. He revealed to me the world of art - unfamiliar, unknown. " Nothing foreshadowed trouble until Pravda published a careless article by an ardent lover from Stalingrad, where Kapler had gone on the eve of the battle. The "letter" of a certain lieutenant to his beloved completely betrayed the author, especially courageous were last words: “It’s probably snowing in Moscow now. From your window you can see the battlements of the Kremlin. "
Clouds began to gather over the pair. It became obvious to the lovers that they must part, besides, Lucy was planning a business trip to Tashkent. The last meeting was reminiscent of Shakespearean passions: “We could no longer talk. We kissed in silence, standing side by side. We were bitter and sweet. We were silent, looked into each other's eyes, and kissed. Then I went to my home, tired, overwhelmed, anticipating trouble. "
And the trouble really happened, the next morning Lucy Capela was "asked" to the Lubyanka, from where he went not on a business trip, but to prison on charges of having connections with foreigners. A day later, an angry dad rushed in to Svetlana: “No
I could find a Russian for myself! " - Kapler's Jewish roots irritated Stalin most of all.

Exotic romance

Fate did not favor Svetlana with happy novels. Another personal tragedy and at the same time great happiness was her relationship with Brajesha Singh, the heir of a wealthy and noble Indian family. When they met in 1963 in the Kremlin hospital, Brajeshey was already terminally ill - he had a running ephemesis of the lungs. Nevertheless, you cannot order your heart, the lovers moved to Sochi, where the Indian soon proposed to Svetlana. But the marriage was refused, saying that in this case, Brajeshei would take her abroad legally. Svetlana claimed that she was not going to live in India, but would like to go there as a tourist. Kosygin refused this too. Meanwhile, in Moscow he was getting worse. Alliluyeva was sure that he was "specially treated this way." She begged Kosygin to let her and her husband (as she called Brajeshei) go to India, she was again refused. She was able to see the homeland of her beloved only accompanied by his ashes, Brajesh died in her arms on October 31, 1966.

Foreign epic

With the death of Brajesh, Svetlana's life abroad began. After her trip to India, she became a "defendant", her citizenship was nullified in the USSR. “I didn’t think on December 19, 1966 that this would be my last day in Moscow and in Russia,” Alliluyeva later recalled in her book “Only One Year”. But the big name did not leave her abroad either, Svetlana was supported by the CIA officers - for America times Cold war it was useful to have the daughter of a great dictator who had escaped from her own country. Even Soviet diplomat Mikhail Trepykhalin argued that Alliluyeva's presence in the United States could "undermine" relations between Washington and Moscow. Now it is difficult to judge what kind of ties with the US intelligence services Alliluyeva was, her dossier, published after her death, was seriously revised. On the one hand, she thanked America for the miraculous salvation: “Thanks to the CIA - they took me out, did not leave me and printed my“ Twenty Letters to a Friend ”. On the other hand, she is credited with the following words: "For forty years of living here, America has not given me anything."

Goodbye Russia

Svetlana spent most of her life abroad. In her memoirs, she described longing for the homeland, the joy of returning at the end of 1984: “I understand everyone who returned to Russia after emigrating from France, where life was not so unsettled ... I also understand those who did not leave for relatives abroad, returning from camps and prisons - no, they don't want to leave Russia after all! No matter how cruel our country is, no matter how difficult our land is<…> none of us, tied with our hearts to Russia, will never betray her and leave, and will not run away from her in search of Comfort. " Returning was not easy for her, Gorbachev personally received permission to enter her. But the shadow of her father, which inexorably pursued her all her life, did not allow her to live peacefully in her homeland. In 1987, she left the USSR forever, which, however, also did not have long. Svetlana Alliluyeva, the Kremlin princess, ended her days in 2011 at a nursing home in Richland, USA.

In the history of the Soviet Union, which collapsed 27 years ago, there are many personalities who left behind an ambiguous legacy. So, for example, Svetlana Alliluyeva, the daughter of one of the leaders of the USSR, Joseph Stalin. Her biography and personal life is filled with ups and downs, unsuccessful marriages, lost ties with her own children, photos with whom you can hardly find.

Svetlana Alliluyeva was born on February 28, 1926 in Leningrad, becoming the second child of Joseph Stalin and Nadezhda Alliluyeva. Also, two brothers, Vasily and Yakov, born of Stalin's marriage to Ekaterina Svanidze, grew up in the family. The father loved his daughter very much and spoiled her in every way.

The girl spent most of the time at the dacha in the village of Zubatovo. Nadezhda Alliluyeva was the best representative of emancipated women, therefore she did not particularly babysit with children. But this did not prevent her from independently managing the entire household, looking for the best educators for the children.

Svetlana as a child with her mother Nadezhda Alliluyeva

In 1932, Svetlana Alliluyeva entered the 25th model school, where children studied, whose parents belonged to the Soviet party and government elite. In 1943, the girl graduated educational institution Honours. After receiving the certificate, Svetlana wanted to enter the Literary Institute, but her powerful father did not like this decision. It was decided to submit documents to the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. Good knowledge in English helped the girl to enter the university.

Svetlana Alliluyeva with her mother

Svetlana studied for a year, after which she fell seriously ill and, after recovering, was forced to return to the first course. But this time the choice fell on the history department, because her father wanted it. The girl specialized in the Department of Modern and Contemporary History, studying Germany. In 1949, Alliluyeva graduated from the faculty, and later - in the graduate school of the Academy of Social Sciences under the CPSU Central Committee.

Svetlana Alliluyeva with her father

In 1954, Svetlana defended her Ph.D. thesis. Later, the girl worked as an English translator, literary editor. It is Alliluyeva's authorship of the translations of several works of the English Marxist philosopher John Lewis.

Svetlana in childhood with her brother Vasily and father Joseph Stalin

Alliluyeva's life after her mother's suicide

The girl was 6 years old when her mother, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, committed suicide on the night of November 8-9, 1932. For a long time, Svetlana did not know the cause of her death. Officially, the woman died of appendicitis. Only later does the girl find out that her mother shot herself in the temple after another quarrel with her beloved husband, Joseph Stalin.

The great leader had no time to take care of children. After the death of her mother, Stalin's daughter was brought up by numerous governesses and nannies. One of them, Alexandra Andreevna, Svetlana later recalled with warmth. The girl went to school exclusively with a personal chauffeur. After the outbreak of the war, she and her brother Vasily were evacuated to Kuibyshev.

Joseph Stalin loved his daughter very much

But even away from the domineering father, the children were not let out of control. There could be no question of any joint games with neighboring children. The only way Svetlana could entertain herself was watching films on a home cinema projector.

Alliluyeva in her youth

Personal life and marriage

The personal life of Svetlana Alliluyeva was quite eventful. Perhaps this was facilitated by the early death of the mother, the eternal employment of the father. Do not forget that the girl grew up among noisy parties, which were arranged by her older brother Vasily. Famous artists, athletes and singers often visited the house. One of the frequent guests was the 39-year-old screenwriter and actor Alexei Kapler, nicknamed "Lucy". The handsome man attracted young Svetlana, who was barely 16 years old. This was her first and truly true love. Young people were not embarrassed by the big age difference.

Svetlana Alliluyeva and Grigory Morozov

Svetlana Alliluyeva was very erudite, she loved to have quite adult conversations about life. This attracted "Lucy" to her. He understood that an affair with the leader's young daughter could hardly end with something good, but he could not cope with feelings.

The girl managed to escape from the bodyguard, who followed her literally on her heels, and walk around the city, attend cultural events. Later, in her memoirs, Svetlana Iosifovna will write that there was no intimate relationship between them, because at that time premarital relations were unacceptable.

Svetlana Alliluyeva and Yuri Zhdanov

The girl's romance with the director did not last long. Stalin soon learned about him. Kapler was repeatedly summoned for interrogation by the KGB. In order to punish him, it was decided to accuse Kapler of espionage in favor of Great Britain and send him to a correctional labor colony in Vorkuta for 10 years. Svetlana escaped with a few slaps from her father.

A few years later, while studying at the institute, the girl marries her brother's classmate Grigory Morozov. Stalin was against this marriage, so he avoided meeting with his son-in-law, and even the birth of his grandson Joseph did not change the leader's decision. After some time, the couple still broke up.

Svetlana Alliluyeva and William Peters

In an interview, Svetlana Alliluyeva said that her husband wanted many children, which was not at all part of her plans. During her four-year marriage, she had at least four abortions. The last of them led to a serious illness of the girl, and then to a divorce.

Svetlana Alliluyeva and William Peters with her daughter

In 1949, at the insistence of her father, Svetlana is married to the son of the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Andrei Zhdanov, Yuri. Young people got to know each other closely only during the wedding. The young man became the official adoptive parent of his wife's son. A year passed and a daughter, Catherine, appeared in the family. But this did not change Alliluyeva's decision to file for divorce. Her further biography is directly related to the death of her father.

Life after paternal death

In March 1953, it became known that Joseph Stalin had died. The only thing left with my daughter is a savings book with 900 rubles on it. At this time, she was supported by her classmate Nikita Khrushchev. In 1957, Alliluyeva married Ivan Svanidze, a Soviet African scholar. However, the marriage did not last long, only two years. They did not have common children.

After the death of her father, Alliluyev left the USSR

Being married to Svanidze, Svetlana started many novels. On the list of her lovers was Andrei Sinyavsky, a Soviet literary critic and writer, and poet David Samoilov.

The life of Stalin's daughter began to change dramatically with the onset of the Khrushchev "thaw" period. More and more foreigners began to come to the country and relations with them were no longer so severely condemned. One day Svetlana meets Brajesh Singh, a citizen of India. The couple lived in a civil marriage, since they were not given permission to formalize the relationship. Singh was seriously ill, which was the reason for his death in 1966. Alliluyeva cremated him and, using all her connections, obtained permission for A. Kosygin to leave for India.

Escape to the West

Having left the USSR, the woman realizes that she does not want to return to her homeland at all. After living for three months in the ancestral settlement of her civil husband, Alliluyeva comes to the American embassy with a request to grant her political asylum. In the Soviet Union, such a decision was met with hostility. The spice of the situation was given by the fact that the woman actually abandoned her children from previous marriages - Joseph and Catherine.

Svetlana Alliluyeva started writing books abroad

It was not possible to go directly to America. US diplomats decided to transport the woman to Switzerland. Here she spent several years and then finally left for the United States. Living in Europe, Alliluyeva published her first book "20 Letters to a Friend", the work on which was started back in the USSR. Sales brought in a huge amount at that time - $ 2.5 million.

In the distant United States, Stalin's daughter is attempting to rebuild her personal life. In 1970, she married the architect William Peters and became Lana. Soon her second daughter, who was named Olga, saw the light.

Daughter of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin

The marriage did not last long. Lana Peters continued her writing career to make money. Her books were in great demand.

Return to the Union

In 1982, Alliluyeva-Peters left America and moved with her daughter to England. Here she takes her daughter to a Quaker boarding school and travels the world. 1984 was a turning point. Unexpectedly for everyone, the woman decides to return to the Union. For everyone, the reason for this decision was the desire to give their daughter a good education, and in the USSR it was absolutely free.

After wandering around Europe, Alliluyeva returns to the Union

Oddly enough, but the fugitive was received cordially. The woman was restored her citizenship, given an apartment, a car with a driver, and a pension. However, Alliluyeva did not like life in noisy Moscow and she moved to her father's homeland. In Georgia, her daughter began to attend school, as well as lessons in Georgian, Russian and even equestrian sports. Svetlana Iosifovna made attempts to make peace with the children, but to no avail.

Repeated emigration

Despite all the privileges that were provided, it was difficult for Alliluyeva to get used to Soviet reality after many years of living in Europe and America. Two years after her return, the woman, along with her youngest daughter, leaves the USSR and returns to the United States, where she finally renounces the citizenship of her Motherland. She settled in the small town of Richland, Wisconsin.

Svetlana Alliluyeva last years life

There is information that in September 1992, Stalin's daughter was listed among the patients of one of the UK nursing homes. Later she moved to the monastery of St. John, Switzerland. She was also spotted in London. It is known that until her death, Alliluyeva lived in a nursing home located near the city of Richland.

Children of Svetlana Iosifovna

Stalin's daughter had three children from different marriages. Son Joseph from his marriage with Grigory Morozov was adopted by the second husband of his mother, having received his last name and patronymic. Growing up, he changed documents and became Alliluyev.

The man graduated from medical university and became a cardiologist. He owns great amount scientific works, received many academic titles. Joseph was married twice, he has a son Ilya. He died in 2008, but his mother was not at the funeral.

Joseph Alliluyev

The eldest daughter Ekaterina became a geophysicist. Having barely received a diploma of higher education, the girl hastened to leave Moscow, trying to break all ties with her mother's family. She gets a job in Kamchatka, in the village of Klyuchi. Here she got married and gave birth to a daughter, Anna. Later, the spouse began to drink alcohol and eventually committed suicide.

Ekaterina Zhdanova

Like other children, the youngest daughter Olga did not have warm feelings for her mother. Perhaps the reason for this was the fact that she sent her to a boarding school at a young age. As an adult, the girl changed her name to Chris, got married and divorced. It is known that today Stalin's granddaughter owns a souvenir shop in Portland. On the Internet you can find several of her photos.

Olga Peters

Death

On November 22, 2011, Lana Peters, also known as Svetlana Alliluyeva, died within the walls of a nursing home in Richland, USA. She had cancer, colon cancer. Shortly before the death of the woman, her daughter came to Richland and arranged everything required documents in case the mother dies.

According to the documents, the body was cremated and sent to Portland. The exact date and place of the funeral is still unknown.

April 21, 1967 Svetlana Alliluyeva, daughter of Joseph Stalin, stepped off the plane Swissair at Kennedy airport. She was 41 years old, she spoke English well, the woman then admitted to reporters that she was very happy to be in the United States.

The New Yorker spoke about her life in New York, the blog published a translation of the materialNew Yorker Russia.

Svetlana immediately became the most famous emigrant of the Cold War. She was Stalin's only living child and had never left the Soviet Union before.

Svetlana later wrote: "My first impressions of America are associated with the stunning highways of Long Island."

In the USA it was spacious, people were smiling. After spending half her life under the Bolshevik regime, she felt that she could "fly like a bird."

She gave her first press conference at the hotel Plaza, 400 reporters attended. One of them asked if she would apply for citizenship.

“Before you get married, you need to love. If I love this country, and the country loves me, then it will come to marriage, ”Alliluyeva replied.

Former US Ambassador to the USSR George Kennan helped her settle in Princeton. In the fall of 1967, with Kennan's help, she wrote 20 Letters to a Friend, which described the tragic story of her family through a series of letters to physicist Fyodor Volkenstein. After 2 years, she published "Only One Year" - a memoir about the time before and after her decision to flee the USSR. The books sold well and made her rich.

However, Svetlana's admiration did not last long, she began to postpone the interview, and the press gradually lost interest in her. She continued to write, but her work no longer found publishers in the United States.

Her life became lonely and unremarkable, in 1985 the magazine Time published a story describing her as arrogant, overweight, vindictive and cruel. By the time the USSR collapsed, the American press had completely lost interest in Stalin's daughter.

In 2006, while studying the history of Kennan and the Cold War for his book, Nicholas Thompson decided to write to Svetlana Alliluyeva and a week later received a thick envelope with 6 pages of the letter and marked "personally and confidentially."

She was ready to discuss Kennan: “I will gladly answer all your questions about Kennan - a truly great American. He was so generous to help me in 1967. Then he wanted me to teach a course in political modern history at Princeton University, but I refused. Political history is what my father would like to see my success in ”.

Alliluyeva admitted that she never fell in love with the United States: “Whatever they write or say about me, it's all a lie ... Soon it will be 40 years since I arrived in the United States. I started with 2 bestsellers and ended up living quietly on a monthly social security benefit ... Even after 40 years, as a guest in the US, I still could not feel at home here. "

Thompson and Alliluyeva began a correspondence about Kennan, they exchanged letters 2-3 times a month, gradually the writer began to take an interest in the life of the daughter of the Soviet dictator.

Svetlana, then 81, lived in a retirement home in Spring Green, Wisconsin, in a city of 600 people. The woman lived in a one-room apartment on the second floor. The main piece of furniture was a writing table by the window, on which there was a typewriter. On the shelves - old videos National Geographic, maps of California, Hemingway's novels and russian-English dictionarywhich her father used.

Thompson remembers well their first meeting.

“Svetlana was very kind and spoke with the energy of a person who for a long time I wanted to tell my story, but there was no one. After a few hours, she wanted to take a walk. I offered her my hand as we approached the stairs, but she refused. We went down a quiet street to a garage sale, where a man in a T-shirt Harley-davidson was selling a small cast iron bookshelf. Svetlana could not buy it, since she had only $ 25 until the first day of the month, so she begged the man to hold the shelf for her. As we left, he shouted in German, "Do you speak German?" She didn't even turn around, but she told me that people think I have a German accent, but I usually say that my grandmother was German and she laughed out loud, ”Thompson says about the event.

In the early 1890s, Svetlana's German grandmother Olga, as a teenager, climbed out of the window of her house in Georgia to escape. Olga's daughter Nadya Alliluyeva fled with Joseph Stalin when she was 16. He was 38 then.

Stalin had a son, Yakov, from a previous marriage, and Alliluyeva bore him 2 more children - Vasily and Svetlana, Stalin's favorite. As a child, they played a game, during which Svetlana sent him short notes with orders: "I order to take me to the theater", "I order to let me go to the cinema." Stalin wrote: "I listen," "I obey," or "It will be done."

Nadezhda died when Svetlana was 6 years old. The girl was told that she was from appendicitis. But when Svetlana turned 15, one day at home she was reading Western magazines to improve her English, and came across an article about her father. The article said that her mother committed suicide, later this information was confirmed by her grandmother.

“It almost drove me crazy. Something broke in me. I could no longer obey my father's word and will, ”Svetlana wrote in“ 20 Letters to a Friend ”.

The next year, Svetlana also fell in love with a 38-year-old man - a Jewish director and journalist named Alexei Kapler. Their romance began in late autumn 1942 during the Nazi invasion of Russia. Kapler presented Svetlana with a forbidden translation of the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls and a copy of Russian Poetry of the 20th Century with his annotation.

Svetlana, she said, had a premonition that their relationship would end badly. Her brother Vasily was always jealous of her father for her, so he told Stalin that Kapler showed Svetlana much more than Hemingway's books.

Stalin shouted at her in her bedroom: “Look at you. Who wants you? You're a fool! " Then he yelled at her for sleeping with Kapler. The charges were false, but Kapler was arrested anyway and sent to Vorkuta.

Svetlana entered Moscow State University, where she met and later married her Jewish classmate Grigory Morozov. Only in this way could she escape the Kremlin, and her father, busy with the war, reluctantly, but agreed: "Marry him, but I will never want to see your Jew."

Their first son Joseph was born after the end of World War II. Morozov wanted many children, but Svetlana wanted to finish her studies. After the birth of Joseph, Svetlana had 3 abortions and a miscarriage.

She divorced Morozov, and later married Yuri Zhdanov, the son of one of her father's closest advisers. In 1950, she gave birth to a baby girl and named her Catherine. Soon Svetlana got tired of her husband, and she divorced him. She completed her studies and began teaching and translating books from English into Russian.

In March 1953, Stalin suffered a stroke. She wrote that he suffered because "God grants an easy death only to the just." But she loved him anyway.

In June of the same year, Aleksey Kapler returned from the GULAG. A year later, he and Svetlana were at the same congress of writers.

He turned gray, but it seemed to her that it suited him. Although Kapler was married, they soon became lovers, it was a miracle for her that he forgave her for her father's crimes.

Svetlana wanted Kapler to get divorced, but a simple affair was enough for him. Svetlana, who never admitted defeat, specially arranged a meeting with Kapler's wife at the theater.

“It was the end of my second marriage, the end of the second part of my life with Sveta,” Kapler described this event.

The third part began in 1956, when Svetlana taught at Moscow State University a course on the hero in Soviet novels. That year, Nikita Khrushchev uncovered Stalin's crimes. After that, the third wife of Kapler, the poet Julia Drunina, invited her husband to call Svetlana to support her. The three of them attended several events. But Svetlana, who could not see Kapler with another woman, wrote him a terrible letter about his wife. He replied in anger and they never saw each other again.

After 52 years, while in the United States, Svetlana admitted that Kapler was her only true love in life.

In 1963, Svetlana was 37 years old and she lived with her children in Moscow. Once in the hospital she met the Indian Brajesh Singh. He was a communist who came to Moscow for treatment.

Singh was the most peaceful man Svetlana had ever known. He did not even allow the killing of the leeches with which he was treated.

They spent one month together in Sochi, and then Singh returned to India. A year and a half later, he came to Moscow again. They applied for marriage, but the next day Svetlana was summoned to the Kremlin. Chairman Alexei Kosygin told her that their marriage is immoral and impossible because "Indians mistreat women."

They continued to meet. Singh was ill for a long time. When he died in 1966, Svetlana insisted that she be allowed to take his ashes back to India.

It was her first trip abroad and, as she later said, one of the happiest moments in her life.

On March 6, 1967, 2 days before returning to the USSR, Svetlana packed her things and went to the American embassy, \u200b\u200bwhere she declared that she was Svetlana Alliluyeva, Stalin's daughter.

Robert Rale, the CIA spokesman in India, admitted that the agency did not know about her existence at the time, but the Americans decided to take her out of the country before the Russians realized she was missing. On the same night, Svetlana boarded the nearest plane, which flew to Europe, to Rome, a few days later she flew to Geneva, and then to the USA.

Svetlana's children, 21-year-old Joseph and 16-year-old Ekaterina, were waiting for their mother at the Moscow airport. After 3 days, she sent them a long letter in which she admitted that she could no longer live in the USSR.

“We are trying to catch the moon with one hand, but at the same time we have to dig potatoes with the other - just as we did 100 years ago,” she wrote.

Joseph replied to her in April: “You understand that after what you have done, your advice from afar about us being brave, sticking together, not losing hope and not abandoning Katya sounds at least strange ... I believe that by your action you have cut yourself off from us. "

After settling in Princeton, Svetlana began to receive letters from Olgivanna Lloyd Wright, the widow of Frank Lloyd Wright.In March 1970, Svetlana arrived at Wright's estate, where she attended an official dinner. It turned out that Olgivanna considers Svetlana to be the personification of her daughter. She hoped that she would marry her daughter's widower, Wesley Peters.

Svetlana immediately liked the man. The next day they went for a drive in his Cadillac, and after 3 weeks they got married. They lived for a time in his apartment in Scottsdale, and then in Spring Green, Wisconsin, where the Wright fraternity was based in the summer. Life in Taliesin meant complete obedience to Olgivanna. The villagers flattered her, told her about their sins and never argued with her.

After 3 months, Svetlana wrote to Kennan: “I feel bad that again - as in my native cruel Russia - I have to force myself to shut up, force myself to be someone else, hide true thoughts, bow to lies. All this is damn sad. But I will survive. "

At 44, Svetlana became pregnant. Olgivanna was afraid that the children would interfere with her communication with the dead, so she demanded that Svetlana have an abortion. She refused and in May 1971 gave birth to a girl, whom she named Olga - in honor of her mother's grandmother.

Soon after Olga's birth, Svetlana left the estate. Wes's dedication to his work was stronger than his dedication to his wife, so he stayed.

After Taliesin, Svetlana returned to Princeton. The men continued to pay attention to her, but her life was too volatile. She began to constantly move: from New Jersey to California and back. In the early 80s, partly guided by the idea of \u200b\u200bfinding a good school for her daughter Olga, Svetlana moved to England.

Olga found out who her grandfather was when she was 11. Once at the school where she studied, paparazzi appeared, and the teacher had to take her out secretly, hidden under a blanket. That same evening, her mother explained everything to her.

In the 1980s, Svetlana's son Joseph began to periodically communicate with his mother, control in the USSR gradually weakened. Svetlana began to think about returning to the USSR in order to meet her grandchildren (both of her children at that time had one child).

In October 1984, she met with Joseph at a hotel in Moscow. But everything seemed strained and awkward. Svetlana saw a woman who seemed to her ugly and old, and then was surprised to learn that this was her son's wife. Joseph refused to communicate with his American half-sister.

Ekaterina worked in Kamchatka and did not come. A few months later, she wrote a one-sheet letter to her mother, in which she stated that she “would never forgive”, “could not forgive” and “did not want to forgive”.

“And then I was accused of all mortal sins against my homeland,” Svetlana wrote.

Soviet leaders bragged about Svetlana's return, but she was uncomfortable. A month after her return, Svetlana dreamed of Georgia, where her parents were born. Soon he and Olga flew to Tbilisi.

There she was much calmer, but the image of her father still haunted her.

“The hardest thing that I had to say was what a 'great man' my father was - someone was crying, someone was hugging me and kissing. It was torture for me. I couldn't tell them how difficult my thoughts were towards my father, ”she admitted.

The attention was too intrusive, and a year later Svetlana realized that she wanted to leave the USSR. She asked Mikhail Gorbachev for permission to fly, he agreed.

Over the years, the historian became very close to Svetlana, she gave him advice, discouraged him from flying to Russia, fearing the local special services.

Then they quarreled over political views, reconciled again.

A few months after their reconciliation, Nicholas learned that 85-year-old Svetlana was in the hospital with colon cancer. She wanted to talk, the journalist wrote to her, but never received an answer.

Realizing that Svetlana was on the verge of death, Olga wanted to visit her, but Svetlana did not want her daughter to see her dying; she forbade her to look at her body. Olga said that all her life Svetlana was haunted by the image of her mother, lying in an open coffin.

Svetlana died in November 2011. She often said that November was the most difficult month for her. It gets colder in November and her mother committed suicide in November.