Species of rhino. Biggest rhino

Rhinos - equine mammals belonging to the Rhino family from the superfamily Rhino-like. To date, five modern rhino species are known that are common in Africa and Asia.

Rhino description

The main distinguishing feature of modern rhinos is represented by the presence of horn in the nose. Depending on the species, the number of horns can vary in the limit of two pieces, but sometimes there are individuals with a large number of them. In this case, the front horn grows from the nasal bone, and the back - from the frontal part of the animal’s skull. Such hard outgrowths are represented not by bone tissue, but by concentrated keratin. The length of the largest known horn was 158 centimeters.

It is interesting! Rhinoceros appeared several million years ago, and numerous scientific studies have shown that some fossil rhinoceros species did not have a nose horn at all.

Rhinos have a massive body and short, thick limbs. On each such limb there are three fingers, which end with wide hooves. The skin is thick, grayish or brownish in color. Asian species are distinguished by skin, which in the neck and legs is collected in a kind of folds that look like real armor. All members of the family are characterized by poor eyesight, but such a natural defect is compensated by excellent hearing and a refined sense of smell.

Appearance

The external characteristics of an ovoid mammal directly depend on its species characteristics:

- a powerful and large animal weighing between 2.0-2.2 tons with a body length of up to three meters and a height of one and a half meters. On the head, as a rule, there are two horns, rounded at the base, up to 60 cm long and even more;
White rhino - a huge mammal, whose body weight sometimes reaches five tons with a body length within four meters and a two-meter height. The color of the skins is dark, slate-gray. There are two horns on the head. The main difference from other species is the presence of a wide and flat upper lip, designed to eat a variety of herbaceous vegetation;
Indian rhino - a huge animal, reaching a weight of two or more tons. The height of a large male in the shoulders is two meters. The skin is hanging type, naked, grayish-pink in color, divided by folds into fairly large areas. On thick skin plates there are lumpy swellings. The tail and ears are covered with small brushes of coarse hair. On the shoulders is a deep and folded back skin fold. The only horn from a quarter meter to 60 cm long;
Sumatran rhino - an animal with a height at the withers of 112-145 cm, with a body length of 235-318 cm and a weight of not more than 800-2000 kg. Representatives of the species have a nasal horn no more than a quarter meter long and a short rear horn about ten centimeters long in dark gray or black. On the skin there are folds surrounding the body behind the front legs and stretching to the hind limbs. Small skin folds are also present on the neck. Around the ears and at the end of the tail there is a characteristic hair lump;
Javan rhino the appearance is very similar to the Indian rhino, but noticeably inferior to it in size. The average length of the body with the head does not exceed 3.1-3.2 meters, with a height at the withers of 1.4-1.7 meters. Javanese rhinos have only one horn, the maximum length of which in an adult male is no more than a quarter meter. Females, as a rule, do not have a horn, or it is represented by a small pineal outgrowth. The skin of the animal is completely naked, brown-gray, forming folds on the back, shoulders and in the croup.

It is interesting! The coat of the rhino is reduced, therefore, in addition to the brush on the tip of the tail, hair growth is noted only along the edges of the ears. An exception are representatives of the Sumatran rhino species, whose entire body is covered with a rare brown coat.

It should be noted that the Black and White rhinos have no incisors, and the Indian and Sumatran are the owners of fangs. Moreover, the presence of three molars on each side of the lower and upper jaw is characteristic of all five species.

Character and lifestyle

Black rhinos almost never show aggression towards their relatives, and rare fights end with minor injuries. Voice signals of representatives of this species do not differ in variety or particular complexity. An adult animal snorts loudly, and frightened, emits a sharp and piercing whistle.

White rhino, as a rule, are combined into small groups consisting of about ten to fifteen individuals. Adult males are very aggressive towards each other, and fights often cause the death of one of the rivals. Old males with the help of odorous marks mark the territories on which they graze. On hot and sunny days, animals try to hide in the shade of plants and go out into the open only at dusk.

The slowness of the Indian rhino is deceptive, so the representatives of the species have simply an excellent reaction and mobility. At the first sign of danger and with self-defense, such an animal is capable of speeds up to 35-40 km / h. In conditions of favorable wind, a large equine mammal can sense the presence of a person or predator for several hundred meters.

Sumatran rhinos lead a mostly solitary lifestyle, and the exception is the period of birth and subsequent rearing of the cubs. According to the observations of scientists, this is the most active species of all the rhinos currently existing. The mark of the habitable territory is carried out by leaving excrement and breaking small trees.

It is interesting! African rhinos are distinguished by the presence of a symbiotic relationship with buffalo starlings, which feed on ticks from the skin of a mammal and warn the animal of imminent danger, and the Indian rhino has a similar relationship with some other species of birds, including lane.

Javanese rhinos also belong to the category of solitary animals; therefore, pairs in such mammals form only during the mating period. Males of this species, in addition to fragrant marks, leave numerous scratches that are made by hooves on trees or the ground. Such marks allow an equine mammal to indicate the boundaries of its territory.

How many rhino live

Rhino's lifespan in wildlife rarely exceeds three decades, and in captivity, such animals are able to live a little longer, but this parameter directly depends on the species characteristics and knowledge of the mammal.

Sexual dimorphism

Male rhinos of any species and subspecies have a larger structure and significant weight compared to females. In most cases, the horn in males is longer and more massive than in females.

Rhino species

The rhinoceros family (Rhinoserotidae) is represented by two subfamilies, including seven tribes and 61 genera (57 rhinoceros genera are extinct). To date, five modern rhino species have been very well studied:

Black rhino (Diceros bicornis) - an African species represented by four subspecies: D. bicornis minor, D. bicornis bicornis, D. bicornis michaeli and D. bicornis longipes (officially recognized extinct);
White rhino (Ceratotherium simum) Is the largest representative of the genus, belonging to the rhinoceros family and the fourth largest land animal on our planet;
Indian rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) - the largest representative of all the Asian rhinos that exist today;
Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) Is the only surviving representative of the genus Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus) from the Rhinoceros family. This species includes subspecies D. sumatrensis sumatrensis (Sumatran western rhino), D. sumatrensis harrissoni (Sumatran eastern rhino) and D. sumatrensis lasiotis.

It is interesting!In less than a quarter century, several animal species have completely disappeared on our planet, including the western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes).

The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoseros) also includes an equine mammal of the Javanese rhinoceros species (Rhinoceros sondaicus), represented by subspecies of Rh. sondaicus sondaicus (type subspecies), Rh. sondaicus annamiticus (Vietnamese subspecies) and Rh. sondaicus inermis (mainland subspecies).

Habitat, habitat

Black rhinos are typical inhabitants of dry landscapes, tied to a certain habitat zone that does not leave throughout life. The most numerous subspecies D. bicornis minor inhabits the southeastern part of the range, including Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique and northeastern South Africa. The type subspecies D. bicornis bicornis is an adherent of the drier regions of the southwest and northeast of the range in Namibia, South Africa, and Angola, while the eastern subspecies D. bicornis michaeli is found mainly in Tanzania.

The distribution range of the white rhino is represented by two distant regions. The first (southern subspecies) lives on the territory of South Africa, in Namibia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat of the northern subspecies is represented by the northern and northeastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan.

The Indian rhino spends most of the time alone, on an individual site. Currently found exclusively in southern Pakistan, Nepal and East India, a small number of animals has survived in the northern territories of Bangladesh.

Everywhere, with rare exceptions, representatives of the species live in strictly protected and large areas. The Indian rhino swims very well, so there are cases when such a large animal swam across the wide Brahmaputra.

Earlier, representatives of the Sumatran rhino species inhabited tropical wet forests and marshlands in Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, and also met in China and Indonesia. Today, Sumatran rhinos are on the verge of extinction, so only six viable populations have survived on Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula.

It is interesting! Rhinos that live alone at watering holes may well tolerate their relatives, but on an individual site they always show intolerance and get into fights. However, the rhinos of one herd, on the contrary, protect the representatives of the clan and are even able to help their wounded brothers.

Typical habitats for the Javan rhino are tropical low-lying forests, as well as wet meadows and river floodplains. Some time ago, the entire mainland of Southeast Asia, the territory of the Great Sunda Islands, southeastern India and the extreme zones of southern China were included in the distribution range of this species. To date, the animal can be seen exclusively in the Ujung Coulomb National Park.

Rhino Diet

Black rhinos feed mainly on young shrubbery shoots that are captured by the upper lip. The animal is not at all frightened by sharp spikes and caustic sap of eaten vegetation. Black rhinos are fed in the morning and evening hours, when the air becomes cooler. Every day they go to a watering hole, which is sometimes located at a distance of up to ten kilometers.

Indian rhinos are herbivores that feed on aquatic vegetation, young reed shoots and elephant grass, which cleverly break down with the help of the upper keratinized lip. Along with other rhinos, Javanese is an exclusively herbivore animal, the diet of which is represented by all kinds of shrubs or small trees, mainly their shoots, young leaves and fallen fruits.

Rhinos very characteristic fall on small trees, break them or bend to the ground, and then tear off the foliage with a tenacious upper lip. With such a feature, rhinoceros lips resemble bears, giraffes, horses, llamas, moose and manatee. One adult rhino consumes about fifty kilograms of green feed per day.

Rhinos are large animals named after peculiar horns located not at the crown of the head, like other horned animals, but at the end of the muzzle. Rhinos belong to the Rhinoceros family of the Equids, so they are related to horses, donkeys, zebras, and tapirs. In the world, 5 species of these animals are known: Javanese, Sumatran, Indian, black and white rhinos.

White rhino (Ceratotherium simum).

The physique of these animals is heavy: a massive body, a powerful neck, a rounded croup, a large head, thick but short limbs - all these signs make the rhino look like a small tank. Their legs end not with one (like horses), but with three fingers, at the end of each there is a wide hoof. The tail is thin and relatively short with a donkey tassel at the end. The skin is very thick and rough, on even parts of the body it is covered with superficial wrinkles and seems grainy. Asian rhinoceros species also have deep folds on their bodies, which makes it seem like these animals are dressed in knightly armor. The coat of rhinos is reduced, in addition to the brush on the tail, the hair grows only at the edges of the ears. An exception is the Sumatran rhino, in which the whole body is covered with sparse brown hair. In general, these animals are painted monotonously in various shades of gray.

Young Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).

The horns of these animals have an unusual structure: they are formed not by bone or horn matter, as in horned artiodactyls, but by the thinnest layers of keratin. In essence, rhino horns are made up of the same protein as hair or hooves. Despite the apparent fragility of such a material, they differ in strength and hardness. Animals easily break their branches, and if necessary, can inflict a crushing blow to the enemy. Different types of rhinos can have one or two horns. If there are two horns, then the second is always smaller. The main horn can reach a length of 15-60 cm, the longest recorded at the white rhino was 1.58 m! With a shoulder height of 1.1-1.6 m, the mass of rhinos can reach 2-5 tons, which is comparable to the weight of a young elephant.

Indian, or armored rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis).

African rhinoceros species - black and white - inhabit dry woodlands and savannahs, they are found throughout the continent to the south of the Sahara. The range of the Indian rhino covers the Hindustan Peninsula, this species prefers wet meadows and open riverbanks. Sumatran and Javanian rhinos previously inhabited vast areas of Southeast Asia from India in the west, China in the north to the islands of the Malay and Bolshoi Sunda archipelagos in the south. Now scattered populations of the first species can be found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo, and the Javan rhino generally survived only in the Ujung Coulomb National Park on Java. Sumatran and Javanian rhinos, unlike their relatives, love woodlands and swamps overgrown with dense vegetation.

A female white rhino with a cub on the shore of Lake Nakuru.

Asian species of rhinoceros always live alone, although sometimes several animals can simultaneously be on the same meadow. African rhinos are more sociable, these species can form small herds of 3-15 individuals. Rhinos that live alone at a watering hole can tolerate relatives, but in their individual areas are intolerant of neighbors. They mark the borders of possessions with urine or neat heaps of litter. But rhinos from one herd, on the contrary, protect their own and even help their wounded brothers.

The character of the rhinos is a strange mixture of calm, stubbornness and explosive militancy. During grazing, they slowly move along the plain, not particularly interested in what is happening around. The reasons for such indifference to the world are large sizes (they have practically no enemies) and ... myopia. A rhino is able to notice a person standing only from a distance of 30-35 m, so getting to it from the leeward side is very simple. But these animals have excellent hearing and sense of smell, so these animals often sniff, and if the wind brings them bad news, they will immediately respond to the danger. Sensing the presence of an imaginary or real predator, the rhino usually goes at a trot, developing a speed of 25-30 km / h. But if he is wounded or deprived of the opportunity to retreat, then he becomes fierce and becomes uncontrollable. A giant rushes at his enemy at a speed of up to 50 km / h, while trampling a small animal or a person does not cost him anything, at that moment only a bullet can stop him. It is noticed that in a similar way rhinos react to elephants that are larger in size. If the elephant is inexperienced, it takes to a shameful flight, and if it is old and powerful, it goes across the flying carcass. The battle of two titans ends for the stubborn rhino deplorably. Interestingly, the blind-eyed rhinos distinguish the silhouettes of herbivores (buffalo, zebras, antelopes) well and never attack them even by mistake.

A tramp examines a rhino's ear.

Female black rhino (Diceros bicornis) with a two-day-old cub.

These animals do not have a specific breeding season, but their mating behavior is rather unusual. The fact is that fights between males in rhinos are rare, but the confrontation between individuals of different sexes is very noticeable. During the courtship, the male approaches the female, but she drives him away, often very aggressively. And only the persistence of the boyfriend impresses her and makes her soften. After mating, adults lose all interest in each other. After 15-18 months, the female gives birth to a baby weighing 25-60 kg. A rhinoceros baby always has only one, he comes into the world well-developed and after 10 minutes he gets to his feet. Already at birth, a lump is noticeable on the cub's face, from which a horn begins to grow. Mother feeds him milk for up to a year. Orphaned rhino cubs brought up in captivity quickly got used to people and behaved very playfully. The kids rushed to the call of the teacher, tried to play catch-up with him and kick back, as far as the impressive build allowed them. Females reach puberty in 5-7 years, males in 10-12, these animals live up to 35-50 years.

A grown rhino cub is playing with its mother.

The only enemy of an adult rhino is a man, sometimes lions and hyenas encroach on cubs. Before the invention of firearms, rhino hunting was a great danger to humans, so these animals were rarely hunted. Nevertheless, rhino horns were very much appreciated as a medicinal raw material in Chinese medicine. The myth of the healing properties of this raw material has not yet been eradicated, although there are no more useful substances in it than in hair.

The first victims of prejudice were Asian species. Currently, the number of Indian rhino has decreased to 1000 individuals (most of the population lives in the Kaziranga nature reserve). The relic Sumatran rhino almost disappeared in the wild, the only hope for the salvation of this species remains breeding in zoos. As for the Javanese rhino, the extinction of this species is just a matter of time. In nature, no more than 30-50 individuals remained, in captivity Javan rhinos are also extremely small.

Javanese rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus).

Against this background, populations of black and white rhinos, numbering several tens of thousands, seem to be prosperous. But this well-being is imaginary. The number of animals varies greatly, which is directly related to the waves of poaching, which periodically roll across the African continent. For example, only a few males survived from the northern subspecies of the white rhino, which will not be able to continue their genus. The hunt for these animals is carried out by barbaric methods and has long passed from the category of gambling pastime into a banal massacre. Rangers of African reserves give animals the only chance for life, depriving them of natural ornaments.

Amputation of rhino horns.

This operation does no harm to the health of the rhino, but it discourages poachers from any desire to hunt for it. But until ignorance is eradicated, we have no right to calm down, otherwise we will only see rhinos with sawn horns on the planet.

Rhinoceros after removing the horn.

Rhinoceros - one of the largest herbivorous mammals on Earth. In size, animals are second only, and the main competition in the dispute for second place to rhino is, which are also very large.

Science knows the five existing species of rhino. These animals are on the verge of extinction.

The prepared report gives short description rhino, its appearance, lifestyle and habitat.

Appearance

Rhinos have a peculiar appearance, and a feature of these mammals, as the name implies, is a horn on the nose. Rhinos can weigh up to 4-5 tons, and the length of their body sometimes reaches almost 4 meters. Rhinos have a massive, large body and relatively short and thick legs. The skin of mammals is thick, without hair and has a gray-brown color. Interesting feature some animals are folds of skin in the neck and legs. Because of this, it seems that the animal has a shell or armor.

As for the sensory organs, the rhino has the best sense of smell and hearing. This compensates for the rather weak vision of animals.

Lifestyle

Rhinos live and move alone, however, they can also be small groups. Mammals live near small ponds, swamps, shallow rivers or streams, as rhinos like to lie in the water at a shallow depth.

Despite its appearance, the body is quite overweight and clumsy at first glance, rhinos run pretty fast and swim well. Running rhino can reach speeds of up to 45-48 km / h! However, most of the time rhinos prefer leisurely movement.

Rhinos are most active at night, and animals relax during the day. Despite the fact that rhinos do not have natural enemies in nature, animals are extremely careful and even fearful. Therefore, the rhino tries to stay away from humans. However, if the rhino feels danger, it can attack. But in general, reporting a rhino attack on humans is a rarity.

Rhinos are herbivorous, the diet of some of them is grass, and the others are leaves. In nature, rhinos live up to 50 years.

Rhinos inhabit mainly savannas, low-lying tropical forests, as well as places with colder climates are not for them. In nature, rhinos and Asia.

The disappearance of rhinos

All of the existing rhino species. A very rare representative of the most ancient rhino genus is the Sumatran rhino. He is also the smallest member of the rhinoceros family.

Rhinos were endangered due to mass extermination in order to extract horns. Rhino horns are very much appreciated. Previously, they were used for the manufacture of jewelry, as well as in medicine for the preparation of medicines. Even in ancient times, people believed that the rhino horn has unique properties, brings good luck and grants immortality.

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Today on the planet there are only five main types of rhinos. They are all similar and have much in common, but at the same time, there are enough differences between them. Therefore, rhinos have their own categories and names.

Rhinoceros is a large mammal that is part of the rhinoceros family (Rhinocerotidae). Types of rhinoceros: Javanese rhino, white rhino, black rhino, Indian rhino and Sumatran rhino. All rhinoceros species have very small eyes, one or two horns on their faces and three toes on each foot. Also common features include large heads, wide chests, thick legs, poor eyesight, excellent hearing and a love of wallowing in the mud. All rhinos are herbivorous animals that eat grass or leaves, depending on the species.

White rhino

This species has two horns and is considered one of the largest rhinos of the family. Its weight ranges from 2300 to 3600 kg, body length 3.6–4.2 m, height 1.5–1.8 m. White rhinoceros eat long and short grass, like to graze on flat terrain, in savannas and open woodlands with open meadows. They live in central Africa. Their skin color is gray, like that of black rhinos and has nothing to do with the names of these species.

Black rhino

Black rhino is the smallest of African breeds. It is endangered, with very few in the wild and declining captive populations. Black rhino lives in eastern and southern Africa and also has two horns. It eats bushes, leaves, young seedlings and fruits. The height of this species is 1.3-1.6 m, weight 995-1360 kg. Today there are four subspecies.

Females of black rhino reach puberty and can have offspring at the age of 3.5-4 years. The gestation period is 15-17 months, and when the female prepares for childbirth, she finds a remote, hidden place for this.

Indian rhino

The second largest species is the Indian rhino. Males are usually larger than females and have large skin folds on the neck. These rhinos love to eat leaves, grass, fruits, branches and shrubs, live in India and Nepal. Their length is between 1.75-2.0 m, and the weight is 1500-2000 kg. The Indian rhino has one large horn that is 20-61 cm long and weighs up to 3 kg. It has the same structure as the hooves of horses and grows again after breaking off. He uses his horn to search for food and very rarely to fight enemies or competitors.

Javan rhino

The Javanese species of rhinoceros is one of the rarest mammals that lives on planet Earth. Now there are only 80 individuals of this extremely rare species. They love leaves, twigs and fallen fruits, graze in dense and moist rainforests. Weight from 900 to 2300 kg, height - 1.4-1.7 m. Javanese rhinos are usually solitary animals, with the exception of females and their offspring, as well as the mating season. From time to time, young animals may form pairs or small groups for some time. The gestation period lasts from 16 to 19 months, but the Javan rhino was never born in captivity, so the exact duration of this period is unknown.

Sumatran rhino

The smallest of the rhinos is Sumatran, which is endangered. Today, less than 400 individuals of Sumatran rhinos remain. They have a height of only 1-1.5 m and a weight of 500-960 kg. Prefer to eat fruits, leaves, twigs and bark. They live in the rainforests of Southeast Asia. As a rule, they spend their days sitting in a pond or wallowing in the mud.

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Rhinos are the largest representatives of the equidae family.

Today, out of the once large population of these animals, only five species have survived. Three of which, Indian, Sumatran and Javanese rhinos, live in Asia. Two other species, black and white rhino, live in Central and West Africa.

Where dwells black rhino?

Once a black rhino inhabited almost the entire territory african savannah. It was found in East, Central and South Africa. But with the advent of Europeans on the African continent, their mass extermination began, and already in the middle of the twentieth century the number of rhinoceros was significantly reduced to 13.5 thousand individuals.

Now in the wild, there are about 3.5 thousand black rhinos. The largest part of the population lives on the territory of such African countries: South Africa, the Central African Republic, Angola, Tanzania, Cameroon, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Basically, the entire rhino population in these countries lives on the territory of nature reserves, where poachers do not have access. A small number of rhinos live in West Africa, their number is not known reliably, due to the constant hunting of animal poachers and the unstable situation in the countries of this region.

The status of the black rhino population in different countries is constantly fluctuating. For example, in recent years the number of animals in the reserves of South Africa has increased, and in West Africa even the complete extinction of one of the subspecies of the black rhino has been recorded.

Where does he live ?

In ancient times, white rhino was found throughout the African continent. This is evidenced by the many cave paintings found throughout Africa. Europeans first learned about the form only in 1857. White rhino was discovered by the famous traveler Burchell in South Africa. After such a finding on animals, an active hunt began, and already 35 years after the discovery of the white rhino, the species was considered extinct. But not numerous herds were found in remote places in 1892 in the Umfolozi river valley, and in 1897 the area was taken under protection.

Now white rhinos live only in South and North-East Africa in the territory of such countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan and the Democratic People's Republic of Congo. Their approximate abundance as of 2010 was 20,170 individuals. Although the species is considered stable and in some places its growth began ( South Africa) some subspecies could not avoid a sad fate. So back in 1960, the population of northern white rhinos, reaching 2500, decreased to 5 individuals in 2014. This gives grounds for the complete extinction of the species within a few years. Therefore, the white rhino continues to be in the status of a protected animal.

Where dwells indian rhino?

The Indian rhinoceros once inhabited almost the entire southeast and south of Asia. The range of the rhino extended to the northern Indian mountains of the Hindu Kush. There was a rhino and the usual representative of the animal kingdom of China and Iran. In addition, the remains of the animal were discovered in Yakutia, which suggests that the rhinoceros could live in this area.

With the advent of Europeans in Asia, deforestation of the jungle and an increase in population in Asian countries, the number of rhino began to decline significantly. Europeans hunted animals with firearms, destroying a huge number of rhinos. As a result, this led to the fact that rhinos now live only in protected areas.

Today, Indian rhinoceros is found in such countries: Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and in East India (Sindh province). They mainly live here in the reserves and national parks. Only in Bangladesh and Pakistan, Punjab province, a small number of individuals live in inaccessible and impenetrable forests.

The largest population of Indian rhinos lives in Indian National park Kaziranga, approximately 1,600 individuals. The second largest rhinoceros is Chitwan Nature Reserve in Nepal, about 600 individuals live in it. The third reserve, which boasts a livestock of Indian rhino, National park Lal Suhantra in Pakistan, 300 animals live there.

Habitat sumatran rhino

Sumatran rhino used to be common in many Asian countries, such as: India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia. He lived mainly in tropical forests and swamps.

Now the Sumatran rhino lives only on the Asia Minor Peninsula and on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. The number of species is only 275 individuals. Sumatran rhino is listed in the International Red Book, the species is on the verge of extinction.

Area javanese rhino

The smallest species of rhino on the planet. Once the Javanese rhino was a fairly prosperous species and was found in almost the entire mainland of Southeast and South Asia. Javanese rhinoceros lived in many Asian countries: India, China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar. He lived not only on the mainland, but also on the Malacca Peninsula and on the islands of Java and Sumatra.

Today, there are from 30 to 60 individuals of Javanese rhinos; they live only on the island of Java, Indonesia. In other places of the previous range, it does not occur. Finally, the rhinoceros died out in other habitats in the mid-twentieth century. In the near future the species is threatened with complete extinction. There were attempts to keep the Javanese rhinoceros at the zoo, but they were unsuccessful and since 2008 there has not been a single individual of this species living in captivity.